Quality is a major competitive factor. Poor quality leads to rework, scrap, customer complaints, warranty cost, and loss of goodwill. Good quality improves customer satisfaction, reduces cost, and supports consistent delivery. Modern production management treats quality not as “inspection at the end” but as a built-in system across the process.
This topic usually includes:
Quality means the ability of a product/service to satisfy stated and implied customer needs. In simple words: “fitness for use”.
Common dimensions of quality:
Simple view:
Cost of quality is not “cost of making good quality”, but the cost of not having quality.
Types:
Good systems increase prevention and reduce failure costs overall.
Common 7 QC tools:
These tools help identify, analyze, and reduce defects systematically.
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) uses statistical methods to monitor and control process quality.
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Production management means planning, organising, directing and controlling of production activities. Production management deals with converting raw materials into finished goods or products. It brings together the 6M's i.e. men, money, machines, materials, methods and markets to satisfy the wants of the people.
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Quality is a major competitive factor. Poor quality leads to rework, scrap, customer complaints, warranty cost, and loss of goodwill. Good quality improves customer satisfaction, reduces cost, and supports consistent delivery. Modern production management treats quality not as “inspection at the end” but as a built-in system across the process.
This topic usually includes:
Quality means the ability of a product/service to satisfy stated and implied customer needs. In simple words: “fitness for use”.
Common dimensions of quality:
Simple view:
Cost of quality is not “cost of making good quality”, but the cost of not having quality.
Types:
Good systems increase prevention and reduce failure costs overall.
Common 7 QC tools:
These tools help identify, analyze, and reduce defects systematically.
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) uses statistical methods to monitor and control process quality.
Control chart idea:
Types (basic):
Process capability shows whether a process can meet specification limits consistently.
Basic idea:
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach where the entire organization continuously improves quality to meet customer needs.
Principles:
Quality circle: a small group of employees who meet regularly to identify and solve work-related quality problems.
Kaizen supports:
Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to reduce defects and variation.
DMAIC steps:
Benefits:
Limitations:
Define → Measure → Analyze → Improve → Control
From this topic
Table:
Thus, QC and QA are complementary: QA builds quality into the process, QC checks and controls results.
Cost of quality is the cost of not having quality and the cost to avoid poor quality.
Hence, spending more on prevention usually reduces total failure costs over time.
Meaning: TQM is an organization-wide approach in which everyone participates in continuous improvement to meet customer requirements and achieve long-term success.
Summary table:
Conclusion: TQM builds a culture where quality is not a department’s job; it is a responsibility of the whole organization.